Islamic Revival: Riba and Currency Exchange (Sarf)

Unfortunately today many Muslims are falling into Riba, some without knowing it when they send money to their home countries such as India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Somalia, Iraq etc. They often use money transfer services which contradict the Shariah rules of currency exchange, as they often give the money in one currency e.g. Euro or British pounds and the money is then transferred to someone abroad into the local currency there such as Rupees, this transaction is not immediate it has a time delay such as a few days. Of course?permissible?options are available for immediate money transfer/exchange but many do not seek them out as are unaware of the detailed Shariah rules of financial transactions.

Unfortunately in this secular age often Muslims do not seek to learn the Shariah rules properly before engaging in actions thus fall into sin for not learning the rule before acting and secondly run the risk of falling into the kaba'ir sins like riba. The following chapter from the excellent work,?'The Economic System in Islam' by Sheikh Taqiuddin an-Nabhani elaborates the Islamic rules of currency exchange.

Riba and Currency Exchange (Sarf) riba (interest/usury) is the practice of taking property (or anything that serves as a medium of exchange) for another property of the same type unequally. The money exchange (Sarf) is the practice of taking a property for another property from gold and silver of the same type equally, or of two different types equally or unequally. The exchange can only take place in trade, as for usury, it can only happen in a trade (bay?u) transaction, in a loan (qardh) or in a Salam (advance sale or forward buying). Trading (al-Bay'u) is the practice of exchanging property for property resulting in an exchange of property; this is permitted for Allah (SWT) says: "And Allah has made trading lawful" [TMQ 2:275]. And because Bukhari reported on the authority of Hakeem Ibn Hizaam that the Messenger of Allah (SAW) said: "The two trading parties possess the right of withdrawal unless they separate." As for the Salam, this means handing over a commodity immediately for a defined commodity which is to be handed over at a specific time in the future (ajal). Salam also known as Salaf (credit). It is one type of trading and it is contracted in the same way as the trading, but with the wording of Al-Salam. This is permitted for Allah (SWT) says: "When you contract a debt for a fixed period, write it down" [TMQ 2:282]. Ibn Abbas said: I bear witness that the guaranteed Salaf (borrowing), to a fixed future date, has been made lawful and allowed by Allah "Azza Wa Jall", then he recited the verse: "When you contract a debt for a fixed period, write it down" [TMQ 2:282]. Also because the two Sheikhs (i.e. Bukhari & Muslim) reported on the authority of Ibn Abbas who said: ?The Messenger of Allah (SAW) arrived in Madinah while people were lending and borrowing dates over two or three years, so he (SAW) said: ?If any of you lends anything, let it be in a known measure or a known weight and for a known period of tim?." As for the Qardh (loan), it is a type of Salaf, which is to give property to someone in order to restore it from him later and this is lawful. Muslim reported on the authority of Abu Rafi'i ?that the Messenger of Allah (SAW) borrowed a young camel from a man, then he received Sadaqah in the form of camels. So he (SAW) ordered Abu Rafi'i to give the man his young camel; Abu Rafi'i came back to him and said: I only found a four year old camel. Upon this he (SAW) said: Give it to him, for the best people are those who pay back their debt in the best manner.? Ibn Hibban reported on the authority of Ibn Mas'ud that the Messenger of Allah (SAW) said: ?No Muslim would give another Muslim a loan twice, except that one would be written for him as charity.? Also because it has been established that the Messenger of Allah (SAW) used to borrow. Usury does not take place in the Bay?a (trade) and the Salam (advance sale) except in six items only, and they are: Dates, wheat, barley, salt, gold and silver. As for the Qardh (loan), usury can take place in all its types i.e. in everything; it is forbidden for a person to lend something to another, and to expect more or less for it, or to receive something different in return. The settlement of the loan or anything borrowed should be by the same amount and the same type of goods borrowed. The difference between the trading and the Salam on the one hand, and the Qardh on the other hand, is that the former can be exchanged for a different type or for the same type, whereas the Qardh can only be for the same type and nothing else. As for the evidence that usury can only take place in the six mentioned items, this is derived from the general consensus of the Sahabah and because Muslim reported on the authority of Ubada bin as-Samit that the Messenger of Allah (SAW) said: ?The gold for gold, the silver for silver, the wheat for wheat, the barley for barley, the dates for dates and the salt for salt; like for like, measure for measure and hand for hand (i.e. immediately) and if they differed sell as you wish as hand to hand.? The general consensus of the Sahabah and the hadith have mentioned that specific things are subject to riba, thus it cannot occur except within these things. The Shari'ah principle stating that: "All things are origin ally permitted unless there is evidence about the prohibition" applies to the things in which riba occurs. Evidence has not been established in any other things but these six that are mentioned, therefore riba only occurs in them; things which are from the same origin and things which their description fit the six mentioned are included and they follow the same rule, but nothing else. As for the reason (illah) behind prohibiting these things, there is no Shari'ah text to that effect, therefore no reason must be deduced in this instance, simply because the reason must be a Shari'ah one and not rational; and if the reason cannot be deduced from a text, it cannot be recognised. As for the analogy of the reason, this also cannot be deduced in this instance, for the condition of making analogy on the reason itself must be the presence of a clear and understood description in order to be able to make a sound analogy; if there were no clear description to be found, there can be no reason behind the rule of prohibition; and things like a primary noun (not derived from a verb form) and a vague description cannot be regarded as divine reason, and analogy cannot be made from it. For instance, when the Messenger of Allah (SAW) said, as reported by Ibn Majah on the authority of Abu Bakra: "A judge must not pass judgement between two disputing parties when in a State of anger." Anger was considered as the reason for preventing the passing of judgement; this is so because it is clearly understood that anger is the preventive factor, thus it was an "illa" (reason); the reason itself was deduced from the understanding of the text, which is that the prevention was because of it. This understanding entails that the mind is confused; therefore analogy can be made with anger on anything that has made anger the reason i.e. that has caused the mind to be in a State of confusion, such as severe hunger for instance. In such cases, it would be right to make analogy with the anger on anything else, for the expression of "anger" is a description to something that prevents the passing of judgement. This is unlike Allah (SWT)'s saying: "Carrion meat has been made unlawful to you" [TMQ 5:3]. Carrion is not an expression that entails an understanding of prohibition, therefore, it cannot be used as analogy and the prohibition would in this case be restricted to the carrion meat. Also if usury has been prohibited in the wheat, it cannot be used as analogy for anything else, for wheat is a primary noun, and not an expression that carries an understanding. It would be wrong to say that usury has been forbidden in the wheat because it is food, for it is not an expression that carries an understanding, thus it cannot be considered as a reason for the prohibition and it cannot be used as an analogy on other things. As for the Messenger of Allah (SAW)'s hadith reported by Muslim on the authority of Mu?mar bin Abdullah: "The food for food, in equal quantities", and the hadith reported by Ahmed on the authority of Abu Sa?id Al-Khudri ?that the Messenger of Allah (SAW) divided among them different types of food, some of which was better than the other, so he said: ?We started bidding amongst ourselves so the Messenger of Allah (SAW) prohibited us from doing so and ordered us not to trade in it except by measure for measure with no increase whatsoever??, as well as the hadith reported by An-Nisai on the authority of JAbur that the Messenger of Allah (SAW) said: "A heap of food must not be traded for another heap of food, nor the heap of food for the fixed measure of food"; all these Ahadith do not indicate that the reason of prohibition is the food. Rather they merely indicate that usury does occur in the foodstuffs, therefore it includes all types of foodstuffs which makes it a general rule; then came the hadith of the Messenger of Allah (SAW) to specify the types of food in which usury occurs; this is so because there are many other types of foodstuffs where usury, if it occurred, would not be forbidden e.g. aubergines, courgettes, carrots, the sweet, peppers, garlic and grapes are foodstuffs. Usury does not occur in them according to Ijma of the Sahabah, despite the fact that the expression of food does apply to them, for they are edible things; and because Muslim reported on the authority of Ayisha (ra) that the Messenger of Allah (SAW) said: "No prayer when food is ready" i.e. one should preferably eat before praying if the food is ready to eat. Therefore, if usury occurred in every type of food, the above mentioned foods would have been the subject of usury; this indicates that the hadith of food is general and usury occurs in the types specified by the Messenger of Allah (SAW) in his saying : "The wheat for wheat, the barley for barley, the date for dates...". And just as the Qur?an can be specified by the hadith, so can the hadith be specified by another hadith. Therefore, usury in the trading and the Salam occurs only in the six types mentioned. Furthermore, it would be wrong to claim that usury has been forbidden in gold and silver because they are estimated in weight, making the reason of prohibition the fact that they are weighed items. And it would be wrong to say that usury in wheat, barley, dates and salt is forbidden because such items are estimated in volumetric measure, thus making the reason of prohibition the fact that such types of foodstuffs are estimated in volumetric measure; this is wrong because the weight and measure were mentioned in the hadith as a description to those types of foodstuffs and not as a reason. An-Nisai reported on the authority of Ubada Ibn as--Samit that the Messenger of Allah (SAW) said: ?Gold for gold, ore and coins alike, weight for weight, and silver for silver, ore and coins alike, weight for weight, and salt for salt, dates for dates, wheat for wheat, barley for barley, equally and similarly; so he who were to increase or take an increase, he would fall into usury.? The hadith has explained the situation in which prohibition applies, which is the difference of weight in gold and silver, and the difference of volumetric measure in wheat, barley, salt and dates; this is a determination of what type of things the exchange i.e. the trading takes place, not a reason for the prohibition. Therefore, usury does not occur in every measured or weighed item, but only in the six types mentioned, in weight for gold and silver, and in measure for the others. As for lending and borrowing (qardh), this is permitted in the six types mentioned and in other types and in any other thing that can be subject to ownership and whose ownership is lawfully transferable. Usury in this case can only occur if a demand for a higher return or a lower return is made, or if a condition is laid for less than what has been loaned i.e. a lower quality. If we were investigate all the varying types of trade contract of a financial nature, existent in world markets, we would find that purchase and sales transactions occur in six types: 1- The exchange of a currency with the same type of currency, such as the exchange of old Iraqi dinar notes for new notes. 2- The exchange of one currency for another currency, such as the exchange of the Egyptian pounds for dollars. 3- The purchase of certain goods with a certain currency and the purchase of that currency with another currency, such as the purchase of aircraft with dollars and the exchange of those dollars for Iraqi dinars in one single deal. 4- The sale of certain goods in sterling and then exchanging them for dollars. 5- The sale of certain bonds in a certain currency. 6- The sale of stocks in a certain company, in a certain currency. These six transactions are trade contracts of a financial nature. As for the purchase and the sale of bonds and shares, this is categorically forbidden under the Shari'ah rules, for the bonds have a determined rate of interest thus usury occurs in them; it is even in itself, a usurious transaction. A stock represents a part ownership in a company that is unlawful in the first instance, thus trading in stock is forbidden, and it is also forbidden to deal in the stock of all the public companies, whether these were companies that deal in lawful trade, such as the industrial and commercial public companies, or companies that deal in unlawful trade such as the banks' stocks. As for the purchase of goods with a certain currency, the exchange of that currency for another, or the sale of certain goods for certain currency and then exchanging that currency for another currency; these represent two transactions, a transaction of purchase and sale and a transaction of exchange; therefore they follow the rules of trading and exchange, and they should be subject to the separation of the deal. The sale of one currency for another is a transaction of exchange, and it is permitted; this is so because exchange is the swapping of money for money, from gold and silver, either equally by its own type, or differently and equally by other than its type. The exchange takes place in the money as it takes place in gold and silver, for the description of gold and silver applies to it in its quality as a currency, money is not analogous to gold and silver but is one of its forms, for it is based on either of them in their monetary valuation. So if a person were to purchase gold for silver, coin for coin, by saying for instance: I sold to you this golden dinar for these silver dirhams, by nominating them while present at the time of sale, or if he were to purchase gold for silver, for other than its coins, as when signing a contract on a described monetary item while not being present, and he says: I sold to you this Egyptian pounds for ten Hijazi dirhams, these examples are permitted, for the monies are determined in the contracts, thus the ownership of the assets is established. Therefore, trading gold for silver is permitted, whether this was pounds for dirhams, silver jewellery or for Niqar (i.e. silver dust). The Niqar is the silver equivalent of Tibr (i.e. gold dust). It is also permitted to trade silver for gold, whether jewellery, bullion or gold dust. However, all such trade must be conducted hand to hand and described, either equally or unequally, weight for weight, or known quantity (Jizaf) for known quantity, or weight for known quantity in all the mentioned types, provided the exchange is in two different types, for if they were from the same type, this can only be equal and should not be unequal. Gold could be traded for gold, whether this were dinars, jewellery, bullion or ore, weight for weight, substance for substance, hand to hand, and in principle, quantitative disparity is not permitted. Silver could also be traded for silver, be it dirhams, jewellery or Niqar, weight for weight, for description, hand to hand, and quantitative disparity is also not allowed in principle. Therefore, the exchange between the same type of currency is permitted, provided that it is equal, hand to hand and description for description. The exchange between two different currencies is also permitted and in this case, the condition of equality and disparity does not apply, but this must be exchanged hand to hand, and description for description. Evidence for the permissibility of exchange is derived from the hadith reported by At-Tirmidhi on the authority of Ubada bin As-Samit who said that the Messenger of Allah (SAW) said: ?You may trade gold for silver as you wish, hand to hand.? Muslim also reported on the authority of Ubada bin as-Samit who said: ?I heard the Messenger of Allah (SAW) forbid the trading of gold for gold, silver for silver, wheat for wheat, barley for barley, dates for dates, salt for salt, unless this was in equal quantities and description for description. He who increases or takes an increase would fall into usury (riba).? Muslim also reported on the authority of Abu Bakra who said: ?He (SAW) has ordered us to buy gold for silver as we wished, and to buy silver for gold as we wished. A man asked him (SAW) so he said: Hand to hand. He added: That is how I heard it.? At-Tirmidhi reported on the authority of Malik Ibn Aws Al-Hadathan who said: ?I came asking who would exchange some dirhams, whereupon Talha Ibn Ubaydullah as he was sitting with Umar bin al-Khattab, said: Show us your gold, and then come to us at a later time, when our servant would come we would give you your silver (dirhams). Upon this Umar said: No by Allah, you shall give him his silver coins or return his gold to him, for the Messenger of Allah (SAW) said: ?Exchange of silver for gold has an element of riba in it unless it is exchanged hand to hand, wheat for wheat is riba unless it is hand to hand, barley for barley is also riba unless it is exchanged hand to hand and dates for dates is also riba unless it is hand to hand.?? It is therefore forbidden to trade gold for silver except hand to hand, for if the two trading parties parted company before they exchanged hand to hand, the exchange would be unlawful. Bukhari and Abu Dawud reported on the authority of Umar that the Messenger of Allah (SAW) said: ?Exchanging gold for silver is riba except hand to hand.? It is conditional that the two contracting parties cash in at the place of negotiation, for once they separate prior to the cashing in, the sale would not lawfully be considered to have taken place; this is so because the exchange is the inter-trading of prices, and to cash in at the place of negotiation is a prime condition for the exchange to be valid. Bukhari reported on the authority of Malik Ibn Aws who said: The Messenger of Allah (SAW) said: ?Trading gold for silver is riba unless it is hand to hand.? At-Tirmidhi also reported that the Messenger of Allah (SAW) said: ?Trade gold for silver as you wish, as long as it is hand to hand.? The Messenger of Allah (SAW) has prohibited the trading of gold for silver in credit, and has also prohibited the trading of an absent substance for a present one. Therefore, the exchange must take place at the place of negotiation, for if the contracting parties separated before cashing in, the exchange would be invalid due to the non-fulfilment of one of its main conditions. If however, part of the deal was exchanged at the place of negotiation, the deal would then be partly valid to the extent of the exchanged amount and its equivalent on the opposite part of the deal, and it would be invalid for the remainder of the deal and its opposite part of the deal. This is so because it is permitted to divide the deal into parts. For instance, if a person exchanged one dinar for ten dirhams with a person who has only five dirhams, it would be invalid for them to separate before the full ten dirhams are cashed in. If the five dirhams were cashed in and they separated, the exchange would be invalid for half the dinars and valid in the other half, equivalent to the five dirhams which have been cashed in, this is because it is permitted to divide the deal of sale. If the person with the five dirhams borrowed the remainder of the money from the other person or a third party, to complete the deal, the exchange would be valid, as long as the borrowed sum does not constitute a condition in the deal, for if it was a condition in the deal, it would be invalid. No matter how numerous and varied the transactions of exchange are, they would always be confined to the trading of one currency for another of the same type, or the trading of one currency for another of a different type. The transaction only occurs either between ready cash for other ready cash, or between a "dhimma" (credit or security) for another credit. The exchange cannot take place between cash and a credit. When the exchange transaction takes place, it becomes effective once the contracts and the cashing in have taken place, and neither of the two contracting parties can go back on his word, unless it became established that there has been a case of serious fraud or defect, in which case it is permitted for one of the contracting parties to withdraw from the deal. If, for instance one of the contracting parties found a defect in that which he had purchased, for example he found that the silver he had bought contained copper, or that the silver turned black, he has the option to return the goods he had bought or to accept them based on the agreed price at the time of the transaction. This means that the returning of goods is allowed as long as it is at the same rate as the time of the deal. If one of the contracting parties accepted the goods, the transaction would be valid, and if he decided to return them, the deal would be cancelled. If, for instance one bought 24 carat gold for 24 carat gold, only to find that the gold purchased is only 18 carats, this would be considered fraud, and in this case he would have the choice of either accepting the deal at the agreed price of exchange at the time of the transaction or rejecting it. So, if the person who exchanged the gold for gold decided to accept the gold with its defect at a discount, this would not be allowed because there would be a higher value placed on one of the two commodities, and there is an absence of equivalence which is a condition of a deal of the "same type". Another example would be if an indebted person said to his debtor: "Reduce some of my debt and I will hurry in repaying the remainder of the debt." This is also not allowed because it would be the trading of a ready sale for a future sale without equivalence i.e. it is as if the indebted person sold his debt "promptly" to his debtor for less than the original transaction, thus creating a disparity which is "riba". Likewise, if the debtor said to the indebted: "I would give you ten dirhams if you accelerated the repayment of the 100 you owe me", this is not allowed because there would be a disparity in the value which is riba. Muslim reported on the authority of Abu Said Al-Khudri that the Messenger of Allah (SAW) said: "Trade gold for gold, silver for silver, wheat for wheat, barley for barley, dates for dates and salt for salt, like for like, and hand to hand, for whoever increases or takes an increase will fall into riba, for the taker and the giver alike." Another example would be if one person owed another gold and the latter owed the former silver, and they exchanged what each owed the other i.e. if the former settled what he owed in gold with what he is owed in silver, this type of exchange would be lawful, for the immediate payment of debt is like the immediate payment of goods. Also, if a person bought goods in gold, and the seller cashed the value of the goods in silver, this type of transaction would be permitted, for it would be permitted to settle one of the currencies by another currency, and this (deal) would be an exchange with an asset and debt (credit), this is so because Abu Dawud and Al-Athram reported in their "Sunan" on the authority of Ibn Umar who said: ?I used to trade in camels in the Baqee?, so I would sell in dinars and get paid in dirhams, or sell in dirhams and get paid in dinars. I would take this from that and give this from that, so I went to the Messenger of Allah (SAW) at Hafsa?s house, and I said: O Messenger of Allah will you please listen, I want to ask you. I sell camels in the Baqee?, I sell in dinars and get paid in dirhams or I sell them in dirhams and get paid in dinars. I take this from that and give this from that. The Messenger of Allah (SAW) answered: ?There is no harm in this as long as you trade according to the market value of the day and as long as you do not part company from the other party with something still outstanding between the two of you.?" Also, if a person bought from another a genuine dinar for two fake dinars, this would not be allowed. However, if he bought a genuine dinar for silver dirhams, then bought with the dirhams two fake dinars, this would be allowed whether he bought them from the same person or from another. This is so because Muslim reported on the authority of Abu Said who said: ?Bilal came to the Messenger of Allah (SAW) with some Barni (fine quality) dates, so the Messenger of Allah (SAW) enquired: Where did this come from? Bilal replied: These are dates of inferior quality we had for some time, and I exchanged two sa?as of inferior quality for one sa?a of fine quality as food for the Messenger of Allah (SAW). Upon this the Messenger of Allah (SAW) said: Woe this is real riba so do not do that. If you wish to buy dates of superior quality, you could sell the dates of inferior quality in a separate bargain and then buy the superior quality.? Also, Abu Said and Abu Hurairah reported in an "agreed upon" hadith ?that the Messenger of Allah (SAW) appointed a man as a tax collector over Khaybar, so he came to him one day with some fine quality dates called Janeeb. Upon this the Messenger of Allah (SAW) said: ?Are all the dates of Khaybar like this?? He said: No, by Allah, O Messenger of Allah! We buy the one Sa?a of these fine quality dates for two Sa?as of inferior dates and the two Sa?as of it for three Sa?as. Upon this the Messenger of Allah (SAW) said: ?Do not do this; rather sell the inferior quality of dates you have for dirhams and then buy the Janeeb dates with the help of dirhams.?? Here, the Messenger of Allah (SAW) did not order the man to sell his dates to a person other than the one he would buy them from, and if the selling of dates to the same person he buys from was haram then the Messenger of Allah (SAW) would have explained this to his tax collector. It was therefore permitted because he sold one type of good (dates) for another type (dirhams) without any preconditions, secret agreement or connivance, as if he had sold to another person. Likewise, it would be permitted to sell gold for silver, and then buy silver. However, if this were subject to a prior arrangement and secret deals, it would not be allowed, and it would be regarded as a prohibited ploy. This is because any type of trickery is prohibited and unlawful in Islam i.e. any attempt to portray a contract as legitimate/allowed with the intent to commit a forbidden act using deception. This includes soliciting an action that Allah (SWT) has forbidden, neglecting an action that Allah (SWT) has commanded, suppressing a right etc. This is so because whatever leads to haram is itself haram, and because Ahmed reported on the authority of Ubada Ibn As-Samit that the Messenger of Allah (SAW) said: ?A section (taifa) from my Ummah will one day consider "khamr" (intoxicants) lawful after they give it a different name.? Ahmed also reported on the authority of Abu Malik Al-Ashja'i who said that he heard the Messenger of Allah (SAW) say: ?People from my Ummah will drink alcohol (Khamr) while giving it a different name.? Therefore, exchange is one of the lawful transactions in Islam according to specific rules explained by the Shar'a. It can be conducted in local transactions as well as foreign. Like the exchange of gold for silver and silver for gold of the same currency of the country, this can also be performed in a foreign currency, whether at home or abroad, and whether the exchanges were monetary or commercial as well as where the exchange of a currency for another is involved. In order to elaborate on the foreign exchange between various currencies, we need to study in depth the nature of money.

Source: http://islamicsystem.blogspot.com/2012/09/riba-and-currency-exchange-sarf.html

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Comeback complete, Europe wins Ryder Cup

MEDINAH, Ill. (AP) ? Erasing some of their worst Ryder Cup memories, the Europeans wore the image of Seve Ballesteros on their sleeves and played their hearts out Sunday at Medinah to match the greatest comeback in history and head home with that precious gold trophy.

Europe got its payback for Brookline, when the Americans roared back from the same 10-6 deficit. This rally was even more remarkable, carried out before a raucous American crowd that began their chants of "USA!" some three hours before the first match got under way.

Jose Maria Olazabal squeezed his eyes and fought back tears when Kaymer holed a 6-foot par putt to beat Steve Stricker and give Europe the point it needed to keep the cup. This was the first Ryder Cup since Ballesteros, the soul of European golf in this event, died last May of a brain tumor. Olazabal wanted his team to wear navy blue, Seve's favorite color, and added a clever touch ? his iconic silhouette on the sleeves of their shirts.

"This one is for all of Europe," Olazabal said. "Seve will always be present with this team. He was a big factor for this event for the European side, and last night when we were having that meeting, I think the boys understood that believing was the most important thing. And I think they did."

Tiger Woods missed a 3?-foot par putt on the 18th hole, and then conceded a par to Francesco Molinari of about that length to halve their match. That extra half-point made it a clear-cut win for Europe, 14?-13?.

Woods and Stricker, the anchors in the lineup, didn't win a single match at Medinah.

Ian Poulter was the first to embrace Olazabal, which was only fitting.

It was Poulter who gave Europe hope Saturday evening when he made five straight birdies to turn a loss into a win and swing momentum in Europe's favor. Poulter was up to his fist-pumping, eye-bulging tricks again on the final day, winning the last two holes in his match against U.S. Open champion Webb Simpson.

And he had plenty of help. Europe's top five players in the lineup all won, including Rory McIlroy, who was lucky to be playing. McIlroy thought his match was at 12:25 p.m. ? it was listed in Eastern time, not Central ? and needed a police escort to get to the course with 10 minutes to spare. Then, he came up with key birdies to hand Keegan Bradley his first loss of the week.

The biggest match might have belonged to Justin Rose. He was on the verge of losing to Phil Mickelson when Rose holed a 12-foot par putt to halve the 16th, made a 35-foot birdie putt from the back of the 17th green to win the hole, and then closed out Mickelson with a 12-foot birdie on the last hole.

Six of the 12 matches went to the 18th hole on Sunday. The Americans won only one of them.

The Americans also rallied from a four-point deficit to win in 1999 at Brookline. This was different, though. The Americans won big in those early matches. At Medinah, so many of them could have gone either way.

It was so close, so tense, that either side could have won the Ryder Cup down to the very end.

Stricker made an 8-foot par putt on the 18th, and Kaymer faced a par putt from 6 feet to win the match. If he missed, the Americans would get a half-point, and Woods was leading 1-up over Molinari and in the middle of the 18th fairway.

Kaymer, a former No. 1 and major champion who has struggled all year, poured it in the middle and the celebration was on.

He could barely speak at this point, not so much from pure emotion but having to scream over the crowd behind him. Players were hugging and crying, and the small European contingent that had been drowned out all week was serenading themselves with what has become the theme song of the Ryder Cup.

"Ole, ole, ole, ole," they sang merrily, even as the teams prepared for the closing ceremony.

Europe now has won seven of the last nine Ryder Cups, and even more remarkable about this comeback is that they did it on the road.

Davis Love III became the first U.S. captain to sit every player at least once before Sunday, wanting them to be fresh for the decisive day. Instead, the Americans faltered at the end ? especially Jim Furyk and Stricker, two of his captain's picks.

"The plan worked the first two days," he said. "It just didn't work today."

The only U.S. points came from Dustin Johnson, who went 3-0 in this Ryder Cup, Zach Johnson and unheralded Jason Dufner.

"We're all kind of stunned," Love said. "We know what it feels like now from the '99 Ryder Cup. It's a little bit shocking. We were playing so well, we figured it didn't matter how we sent them out there. We got a couple of matches flipped there in the middle that cost us."

Love thought all along the Ryder Cup would be decided in the ninth match by Dufner. It was most appropriate that Europe won the cup thanks to Kaymer.

Kaymer gave German golf some redemption from Kiawah Island in 1991, when countryman Bernhard Langer missed a par putt from about the same length that allowed the Americans to win.

"It's a feeling I never had before," Kaymer said. "On Friday, I sat down with Bernhard and talked a little bit about the Ryder Cup because my attitude was not the right one. But now I know how important the Ryder Cup is."

It means everything to Europe, and it showed.

They didn't have a home crowd to rally them, relying instead on the silence.

"Last time it was done, it was the American team in America," Lee Westwood said after closing out Matt Kuchar in 16 holes. "This would be against all odds. This would be the greatest comeback in the Ryder Cup ? ever."

And it was a collapse the Americans won't soon forget. Just 24 hours earlier, they had a 10-4 lead with two team matches still on the course ? they were ahead in one of them, while Woods and Stricker were closing in on the other. It's hard to believe they would only win 3? points the rest of the way.

Europe came out fast, and for McIlroy, that started at his hotel.

He was leisurely heading out of the hotel ? thinking that his tee time was an hour later than it was ? when he got a frantic call to tell him his match was in 25 minutes. McIlroy was lucky to run into the police, who helped him get to Medinah with enough time to change his shoes, take a few putts and head to the tee box.

He never trailed in his match, making two straight birdies late to knock off Bradley.

"It's my own fault," McIlroy said. "If I let down these 11 other boys and vice captains and captains this week, I would never forgive myself. I'm just obviously happy to get the point and help the cause out a little bit today."

Everyone pitched in.

Luke Donald, who makes Chicago his home and had a small share of gallery support, overwhelmed Bubba Watson despite being some 50 yards behind him off the tee. Paul Lawrie, returning to the Ryder Cup after a 13-year absence, had the shortest match of the day against FedEx Cup champion Brandt Snedeker. Poulter outlasted Simpson when the U.S. Open champion hit into a bunker on the 17th and made bogey, and then hit well long on the 18th when he needed a birdie to halve the match.

Still, the key point might have been delivered by Rose.

Mickelson surged ahead with a birdie on the 14th and still had a 1-up lead on the 17th. Behind the green, Mickelson hit a chip that looked like it might go in until the last turn. He was certain to make par. Rose drained his 35-footer to square the match, then finished off the birdie-birdie finish to a point Europe wasn't expecting.

"I was shaking a little bit and I said to myself, 'Rosey, this is what the whole week could come down to for you,'" he said. "Coming off the green here, I've looked down on my left sleeve, and that's the kind of thing Seve would have done for sure."

Jack Nicklaus first suggested in 1977 that all of Europe be included in the Ryder Cup, which brought the great Ballesteros into the matches. He was determined to prove that Europeans were equal to the Americans, and they have shown to be every bit of that over the last three decades.

.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/comeback-complete-europe-wins-ryder-cup-223810870--spt.html

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Obama calls on Congress to approve refinance plan

President Barack Obama arrives to speak at a campaign event in Washington, Friday, Sept. 28, 2012, (AP Photo/Susan Walsh)

President Barack Obama arrives to speak at a campaign event in Washington, Friday, Sept. 28, 2012, (AP Photo/Susan Walsh)

WASHINGTON (AP) ? Citing historically low mortgages, President Barack Obama is pressing Republicans to back housing policies the White House says would help struggling homeowners refinance their debts and prevent foreclosures.

Obama is blaming congressional Republicans for not passing legislation he proposed in February that would lower lending rates for millions of borrowers who have not been able to get out from under burdensome mortgages. Republicans have objected, citing among other things the estimated $5 billion to $10 billion cost of the proposal.

"Here we are - seven months later - still waiting on Congress to act," Obama said Saturday in his weekly radio and Internet address.

Congress has recessed and is not scheduled to return until after the November elections.

"Instead of worrying about you, they'd already gone home to worry about their campaigns," the president said.

Obama's push comes as home prices have been rising across the United States. National home prices increased 1.2 percent in July, compared with the same month last year, according to the Standard & Poor's/Case Shiller index released Tuesday.

In the Republican weekly address, Arizona congressional candidate Vernon Parker said the U.S. corporate tax rate is pushing jobs overseas. He said he agrees with GOP presidential candidate Mitt Romney and his running mate, Paul Ryan, "that we need to stop all the looming tax hikes and develop a pro-growth tax code that brings jobs home and keeps jobs here."

He also called for the repeal of Obama's health care law.

___

Obama address: www.whitehouse.gov

GOP address: http://tinyurl.com/cn8dbek

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/386c25518f464186bf7a2ac026580ce7/Article_2012-09-29-Obama/id-f7a5cd62e0e848bca2c4e66e86e448e5

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Candidates Exchange Barbs on Patriotism (WSJ)

Share With Friends: | | Politics - Top Stories News, RSS Feeds and Widgets via Feedzilla.

Source: http://news.feedzilla.com/en_us/stories/politics/top-stories/251622169?client_source=feed&format=rss

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Japan - King of Fighters '98 heading to Wii VC

Sorry, Readability was unable to parse this page for content.

Source: http://www.gonintendo.com/?mode=viewstory&id=186721

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Yet another option is to get - Fitness equipment Classifieds

Free Classifieds Health & Fitness Fitness Equipment

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Source: http://www.adjingo.com/fitness-equipment/free-ads-120825.html

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'Dance Moms' star: Get in shape, Honey Boo Boo

Getty Images, AP file

Abby Lee Miller and Alana "Honey Boo Boo" Thompson.

By Ree Hines, TODAY contributor

"Dance Moms" instructor Abby Lee Miller is known for her tough-talking ways when it comes to dealing with young dancers on her Lifetime show, but she also has harsh words for another kid. When asked about TLC's rising reality star Alana "Honey Boo Boo" Thompson, Miller didn't hold back.

"She needs to get in shape," Miller said of the 7-year-old during an interview with TMZ. "She needs to be at a dance studio; she need to be training; she needs to work on her turnout -- the whole nine yards."

Miller hasn't been the only one to remark on the tyke's physique lately. On the season finale of "Here Comes Honey Boo Boo," Alana herself worried that she was too "chunky" to fit into her latest pageant outfit. And "The View's" Joy Behar recently said that she believed the youngster would "grow up to be a big fat woman."

That's an awful lot of commentary about one kid's weight. But in the case of Miller, it seems to come with some degree of empathy. After all, she admits she's not so happy with her own shape either.

"I'm a little frazzled because I was watching the reunion of 'Dance Moms,' and I didn't like my hair and I didn't like my two chins," she told TMZ.

Related content:

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Source: http://theclicker.today.com/_news/2012/09/28/14139741-dance-moms-teacher-abby-lee-miller-honey-boo-boo-needs-to-get-in-shape?lite

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NLRP3 promotes inflammation-induced skin cancer but is ...

NLRP3 promotes inflammation-induced skin cancer but is dispensable for asbestos-induced mesothelioma.

Immunol Cell Biol. 2012 Sep 25;

Authors: Chow MT, Tschopp J, M?ller A, Smyth MJ

Abstract
Asbestos exposure can result in serious and frequently lethal diseases, including malignant mesothelioma. The host sensor for asbestos-induced inflammation is the NLRP3 inflammasome and it is widely assumed that this complex is essential for asbestos-induced cancers. Here, we report that acute interleukin-1? production and recruitment of immune cells into peritoneal cavity were significantly decreased in the NLRP3-deficient mice after the administration of asbestos. However, NLRP3-deficient mice displayed a similar incidence of malignant mesothelioma and survival times as wild-type mice. Thus, early inflammatory reactions triggered by asbestos are NLRP3-dependent, but NLRP3 is not critical in the chronic development of asbestos-induced mesothelioma. Notably, in a two-stage carcinogenesis-induced papilloma model, NLRP3-deficient mice showed a resistance phenotype in two different strain backgrounds, suggesting a tumour-promoting role of NLRP3 in certain chemically-induced cancer types.Immunology and Cell Biology advance online publication, 25 September 2012; doi:10.1038/icb.2012.46.

PMID: 23010873 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Tagged with: Immunol Cell Biol ? Mesothelioma

Filed under: Immunol Cell Biol

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Source: http://www.mesothelioma.law.pro/nlrp3-promotes-inflammation-induced-skin-cancer-but-is-dispensable-for-asbestos-induced-mesothelioma/

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Avicii Makes History -- Loudly -- With Radio City Show

Swedish sensation became the first DJ to headline Radio City Music Hall with his massive show Wednesday.
By James Montgomery

Avicii performs in New York on Wednesday night
Photo: Andrew H. Walker/ Getty Images

Source: http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1694534/avicii-radio-city-music-hall-show.jhtml

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Home Improvement Ideas: A New Pool | DML Home Specta

So you?re thinking about installing a pool? Great idea.?This is the perfect time to upgrade the backyard with smaller construction projects, anything from adding space with cleverly disguised?storage units?to or building a new fire pit into the patio. But installing a?new swimming pool is more than an attractive addition to the property ? it?s a family fun center, a great excuse to exercise and a perfect place to relax (not to mention a huge upgrade to the value of your home). The time from excavation to finished pool takes a little planning, but the results are a beautiful backyard that everybody can enjoy.

Shape and Size Count

Most backyards have room for a pool, but think about the layout. Take into consideration how the yard slopes away from the house. A round pool is a great choice for smaller yards, and the classic kidney shape wraps well around established trees and landscaping. The looks of a traditional, rectangular pool can be softened with an oval design, and modern, custom shapes add a dramatic splash to large backyards.

Materials Make a Difference

Gunite is a highly durable concrete used in most pool construction. The material is sprayed over rebar reinforcements to form the pool?s interior. The curing process averages a week, and the surface is finished with plaster. Fiber glass pools are quicker to install but require a flatbed truck and crane. Vinyl pools are the best choice for smaller yards; construction is simply a matter of lining a system of support walls.

The Mechanics of Maintenance

Keeping the pool fresh and inviting is easy with today?s technology. High efficiency pumps recirculate water and keep it clean without putting a dent in the electric bill. High-end maintenance systems automate the process and make it as simple as pushing buttons. Heaters, lighting and chemicals are all controlled from a unit inside the home. A hard day?s work can end in a pool remotely programmed to reach the perfect temperature.

Finishing Touches That Last

Consider expanding existing patios and decks to the pool area. Poured concrete is affordable and easily takes on a designer look with a colored finish or a stamped pattern. Pavers come in a variety of materials from brick to stone and range from a modern feel to a natural extension of the yard. Tile is expensive, but it adds a dramatic, modern touch around any pool.

Landscape the pool with natural stone around the area. Let the old backyard make a fresh splash with a little planning and a new swimming pool.

Random Posts

Source: http://dmlspec.org/2012/09/home-improvement-ideas-a-new-pool/

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Pa. hostage call prompts social media training

FILE - In this Sept. 21, 2012 photo, Klein Michael Thaxton, center, is lead into Pittsburgh Police headquarters after being apprehended without incident at Three Gateway Center in Pittsburgh, where held a businessman hostage inside the office building for more than five hours and posting Facebook updates during the standoff. Pittsburgh police plan to train their officers to be fluent in social media, joining other departments nationwide, days after the incident. (AP Photo/The Tribune-Review, JC Schisler, File) PITTSBURGH OUT

FILE - In this Sept. 21, 2012 photo, Klein Michael Thaxton, center, is lead into Pittsburgh Police headquarters after being apprehended without incident at Three Gateway Center in Pittsburgh, where held a businessman hostage inside the office building for more than five hours and posting Facebook updates during the standoff. Pittsburgh police plan to train their officers to be fluent in social media, joining other departments nationwide, days after the incident. (AP Photo/The Tribune-Review, JC Schisler, File) PITTSBURGH OUT

Klein Michael Thaxton, left, is lead into Pittsburgh Police headquarters after being apprehended without incident at Three Gateway Center in Pittsburgh, Friday Sept. 21, 2012. Thaxton held a businessman hostage inside the office building for more than five hours Friday, posting Facebook updates during the standoff, and surrendered to authorities without incident, police said. (AP Photo/The Tribune-Review, JC Schisler) PITTSBURGH OUT

A posting from the Facebook page of Klein Michael Thaxton is shown along with his cover photo. According to police, Thaxton, who is armed, took a hostage inside a downtown Pittsburgh office building Friday Sept 21, 2012 and posted Facebook updates, like the one shown, before his profile page was shut down. Thaxton wrote on Facebook that people will "never have to woryy (sic) about me again" after he took a man hostage inside the office of a benefits administration firm on the 16th floor of Three Gateway Center. (AP Photo)

Pittsburgh police and SWAT members escort a suspect, center right, from a hostage-taking on the 16th floor at Three Gateway Center to a police van on Friday, Sept. 21, 2012, in Pittsburgh. Klein Michael Thaxton, 22, surrendered just before 2 p.m., and the man he took hostage was unhurt, Police Chief Nathan Harper said. (AP Photo/Keith Srakocic)

PITTSBURGH (AP) ? Pittsburgh police plan to train their officers to be fluent in social media, joining other departments nationwide, days after a man armed with a hammer and kitchen knife used a hostage's computer to post Facebook messages lamenting his troubles.

The case of Klein Michael Thaxton, who is accused of picking a hostage at random in a downtown office tower and then kept authorities at bay for hours before surrendering and releasing the hostage, was a first for the Pittsburgh department.

There is some reflection about whether officials did the right thing by not immediately shutting down the suspect's Facebook page. Police say they want to make sure officers are prepared for such judgment calls down the road.

"I think it's something we will train for in the future," said Lt. Jason Lando, who acted as a coach to the primary negotiator, Officer Matt Lackner.

Members of law enforcement are finding variations of the Pittsburgh situation nationwide. The International Association of Chiefs of Police now has a Center for Social Media to help officers prevent and solve crimes using social media. The center's website contains training tools for law enforcement, and a list of crimes where social media played a role. Special software applications are even being created to help monitor and solve crimes.

Gary Noesner, a former chief of the FBI's Crisis Negotiation Unit, said his instinct would have been to shut the Facebook page down immediately, though he agreed it might also have provided some useful information to law enforcement.

"The whole social media situation is really fascinating, the impact it is having on operations," Noesner added.

Pittsburgh police wouldn't detail their specific conversations with Thaxton, 22, whose defense attorney didn't return calls for comment.

But, in general, Lackner said negotiating with a hostage taker is like "riding a seesaw," as authorities try to "reduce the emotionality and raise the rationality" of their subject.

"When one goes down, the other goes up," Lackner said.

But until police got federal authorities to intervene and shut down Thaxton's Facebook page about four hours into the ordeal, the negotiators couldn't control how many other people might be riding that see-saw. Thaxton's posts drew about 700 responses, most from family members and friends expressing concern and the hope that he'd do the right thing. But other messages were "ridiculous," Lando said, and had the potential to incite Thaxton.

Lackner said that even seemingly positive messages could have posed a problem because police were primarily concerned with establishing a one-to-one rapport and building trust with Thaxton.

"Any outside influence is distracting and, generally speaking, does not help our cause," Cmdr. Scott Schubert said. "We want our subject speaking to us."

Last year, a Utah man posted updates on his Facebook page during a 16-hour standoff with police. According to reports at the time, some of his friends and relatives urged him to "be careful" while at least one tipped him off to the location of a SWAT officer.

In another Utah case last year, a woman used Facebook to seek help after she and her 17-month-old son were held hostage at a residence for nearly five days. According to police, the woman hid in a closet with a laptop computer to post her plea for help, saying she and her son would be "dead by morning" if they were not rescued.

Thaxton, who remains jailed unable to post $1 million bond, faces a preliminary hearing Oct. 17 on charges of kidnapping, aggravated assault and terroristic threats in the confrontation at a financial services firm on the 16th floor of Three Gateway Center, a 24-story office tower in Pittsburgh.

Although police were vitally concerned about the hostage's welfare, and did what they could to check up on him, the negotiators were careful not to ask Thaxton too much about his hostage.

"Clearly we're always very concerned about the hostage," Lando said. "But when we're doing negotiations, we have to make it all about the hostage taker."

Too many questions about the hostage and the suspect "might feel like, 'You don't care about me. You just want to say whatever you need to say to get this person (the hostage) out of here,'" Lando said.

Instead, negotiators try to find people the hostage taker cares about who will help the negotiator build empathy.

"People want to tell their story," Lando said. "Listening to them is a cheap concession."

In Thaxton's case, key issues were his inability to find a job and his feelings for an ex-girlfriend he hadn't seen since 2008. Police arranged for her to speak with Thaxton, but only once the hostage was released. Thaxton surrendered, and police were sure they could keep the woman safe with Thaxton handcuffed and in custody.

"We try to find hooks ? their schooling, work history, personal relationships," Lando said. "Oftentimes personal relationships are the source of why they find themselves in crisis."

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/386c25518f464186bf7a2ac026580ce7/Article_2012-09-26-Office%20Building-Hostage%20Call/id-ccdc8c820b364010a18a281f4ea3294d

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Obama's Campaign Goes To The Dogs, Cats, Fish, and Chickens

The Obama Administration is famous for its ability to "speak" to voters, making them feel like they personally are a part of something much larger.? One of the ways they have accomplished this is by launching various groups for Obama such as Women for Obama and African Americans for Obama but the latest group, Pet Lovers for Obama, gives pets and their owners a chance to make some noise for their favorite Presidential candidate on Facebook.?

As of today, Pet Lovers For Obama has over 41,000 likes and I can understand its appeal because the page features innumerable pictures of people's pets with witty political statements like,

? ?
"If Pogi stands with Obama 2012, no dog can stand against us."

???????????????????? and?

?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

??????? ?Not all fat cats are Republicans!?

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? and

??

"Paul Anka isn?t letting a collar-less existence keep him from expressing support for Obama 2012."

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? and

??
??????????? "Clucking for the cause!"

If your pet has been modeling Obama pride for 2012 honorary host, Bo Obama, would love you to submit your photo to http://OFA.BO/d3d3Ya today!

Source: http://theteacherspets.blogspot.com/2012/09/obamas-campaign-goes-to-dogs-cats-fish.html

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Budget Law Will Freeze Sport Fish Restoration Fund | Bass Fishing ...

On September 14, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) released its recommendations for budget cuts that include withholding parts of the Sport Fish Restoration and Boating Trust Fund, a move that would have a significant effect on fisheries conservation and the jobs it supports. OMB?s action was triggered by the failure of the Congress and the Administration to enact a plan to reduce the deficit by $1.2 trillion, as required by the Budget Control Act of 2011.

?The angling and boating community was shocked to learn that for the first time in its 62-year history, the Sport Fish Restoration and Boating Trust Fund ? the backbone of fisheries conservation in the United States ? is recommended for a cut under sequestration totaling $34 million,? said Gordon Robertson, vice president of the American Sportfishing Association.

Robertson further said, ?This conservation trust fund, established in 1950 with the support of industry, anglers and state conservation agencies, is an outstanding example of what good government should be and is the backbone of the user-pay model of funding conservation in this nation. It is important that it remain untouched. The sportfishing and boating communities are ready to work with Congress and the Administration to solve this problem.?

The Sport Fish Restoration Act of 1950 placed a federal excise tax on all recreational fishing equipment, which manufacturers pay and is then incorporated into the cost of the equipment that anglers purchase. In 1984 the Act was amended to include that part of the federal gasoline fuel tax attributable to motor boat use. The total annual value of the Trust Fund is approximately $650 million. The monies from the fund are apportioned to state conservation agencies for sport fish restoration, boating safety, angler and boater access and other fishing and boating programs.

?When anglers and boaters pay the equipment tax or the fuel tax they are doing so with the understanding that this money is going to a trust fund dedicated ? by law ? to the resources they enjoy,? said Robertson. ?Withholding funds from this essential program at a time when state fishery programs are already struggling to ensure the best quality service to anglers and resource management will only cause fishery resources to suffer even more and cause job losses associated with the loss of recreation fishing boating programs. The sportfishing and boating industries as well as anglers and boaters themselves fail to understand how cutting a user-pay trust fund helps the economy.?

Recreational fishing contributes $125 billion each year to the nation?s economy and supports more than one million jobs. Since its inception, the Sport Fish Restoration Act has pumped $7 billion into habitat restoration, access and boating safety programs.

The Sport Fish Restoration and Boating Trust Fund?s older sibling, the Wildlife Restoration Act of 1936, after which the Sportfish Trust Fund was patterned, is slated for a $31 million freeze. That Act is funded by hunters and men and women who engage in the shooting sports and archery, who pay a similar tax to support wildlife restoration. ?This level of cuts to conservation programs that pay their own way is unprecedented and all anglers, hunters and shooting sports enthusiasts must speak up to prevent these cuts,? Robertson concluded.

Along with these two cornerstone conservation acts, many other critical conservation funds are also listed for significant cuts. Congress, with the cooperation of the Administration, must address the sequestration schedule and they will not occur until after the elections and possibly not until early 2013 and with a new Congress.

?We encourage all anglers to go to www.KeepAmericaFishing.org for information about when Congress may act and when anglers should speak up to maintain critical conservation funding,? Robertson said.

Source: http://www.bassanglermag.com/budget-law-will-freeze-sport-fish-restoration-fund/

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Top Software ? how to make fast money online ? 60 seconds

The World wide web delivers a vast variety of earning options for folks all-around the globe. Irrespective of whether you are a 10 calendar year old girl or a 70 calendar year old male, you can conveniently uncover options to make income on the web. There are numerous options to make income in diverse fields, and one has to uncover the correct way as for every his training, practical experience, expertise, skill-set and fascination. Listed here we are likely to go over about the 10 most effective options to make income on the web.

1. Make Money Online
Infolinks ? If you have a site or blog site that has superior information on any certain matter then you can get your internet site or blog site registered with Infolinks. They supply in-text promotion to their members. You should have seen information text hyperlinks to different web sites in different report directories they are almost nothing but in-text promotion. It is a terrific resource of earning income on the web.

2. How To Make Money
Make a Specialized niche Keep ? It is an alternative straightforward nevertheless potent device to make some rapid income on the web. It delivers an option to produce information based mostly on the web retailers and make income with eBay affiliate system. It is really straightforward and folks are earning a large amount from it.

Adbrite ? With Adbrite you can sell some vacant room on your site or blog site for text ad and make superior income from this offer.
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Commission Junction ? It is an alternative globe famous affiliate system internet site which delivers terrific option to all site and blog site homeowners to appear and sign up for for no cost. The moment you are registered with Commission Junction, you can pick out from the thousand merchants and display screen their ads on your site. Based mostly on different performances and conditions laid down by merchants, publishers get a superior likelihood of earning income on the web.
How to Make Cash Online? There?s almost nothing as intriguing as functioning from your Personal computer. You can not only delight in functioning from the convenience of your couch, but also delight in functioning from everywhere in the globe. Doing work on the web not only provides you with a headache no cost and interactive medium but also allows for you to apply your passion without having experiencing to get worried about bosses and fixed functioning several hours. Listed here are a couple of brilliant thoughts that you can always check out out.
Affiliate Promoting? If you are thinking how to make income on the web, then affiliate marketing is one of the most effective thoughts that you can check out out. It is in essence a online business promotion system whereby you market different enterprises and in return receive a commission for every single sale accomplished. There are numerous styles of affiliate marketing options that you can sample out. Amid them contain pay out-for every-click pay out-for every-guide, running a blog and comparison purchasing. Some of the most effective on the web affiliate marketing applications contain PepperJam, AzoogleAfs and Commission Junction.
Promoting Items Online? You can also start off advertising merchandise on the web. At the moment there are numerous website pages these as Craiglist and eBay whose solutions can be used to make income on the web. You can necessitate signing up in these solutions and then collect all the services that you would like to sell. Soon after compiling a record of these merchandise, you will then be necessary to supply points of the items in purchase for the shoppers to know the precise mother nature of the offer. If you want to realize success in advertising services on the web, it would also be superior to do some research to discover which services are scorching advertising previously providing your merchandise. Normally retain the offer as rewarding and as practical as attainable. Also point out any other applicable points these as the capabilities, warranty and illness of the product. This will tremendously expand your prospects of producing a flourishing sale.
Online Stock Trading? In on the web stock marketing, it is really important to grasp the finer points so as to realize success. Simply, you necessitate signing up with different on the web stock buying and selling website pages and then start off buying and selling your shares and producing income. In purchase to realize success in this discipline, it is wise to perform a great investigate considering you can be risking your very difficult gained income. For instance, you will need to determine no matter whether the company that you are dealing with has a superior record and also uncover out their online business ethics. Soon after signing up, you can conveniently be able to order and sell shares on just a click of the mouse. Some of the most effective organizations that you can examine contain: optionzXpress and TradeKing.
Information Producing? Information creating or report creating is nevertheless an alternative fantastic on the web income producing idea for those thinking how to make income on the web. You easily have to indicator up with a trustworthy site these as iWriter, suite101 and The Information Authority. The registration system is normally really temporary and you can start off functioning in just a make a difference of several hours. By signing up with any of these website pages, you can get the option to create on different subjects these as online business, science, economic issues and know-how. Simply, the alot more the articles you create, the alot more you can get to make.
Online Surveys and Paid out E-mail Products? There are numerous organizations that perform on the web market investigate on several sides of their solutions. By acquiring in communicate with with any one of them, you can be in a placement to start off producing income on the web inside of a quick time. Simply, you can be entails to entire need statistics questionnaires for which you can pocket about $one.5 for every study executed. An additional fantastic on the web income producing idea is by means of paid emails. What you in essence have to do is to register with a legitimate site following which you can start off acquiring emails. The alot more the selection of emails obtained the larger the pay out. Simply, the pay out scale ranges from two to 5 cents for every electronic mail obtained. Some of the on the web study organizations that you can verify out contain: Survey Savvy and Dollars Crate.
These are some of the legitimate options to make on the web. So, if you are thinking how to make income on the web, you can take your time and Google some places of fascination and then start off producing income inside of a quick time. With alot more and alot more on the web options coming up on a regular foundation, you can be certain that the future is vivid in fact.

Source: http://top-soft.us/how-to-make-fast-money-online-60-seconds/

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Apple supplier halts China factory after violence

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Source: http://news.yahoo.com/apple-supplier-halts-china-factory-violence-055718608.html

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